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An Educational Game in Teaching Human Nervous System
NEUBAUEROVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor's thesis aimed to create four author's didactic games for primary school pupils and their verification in practice. Two didactic games were primarily created to acquire knowledge of the topic of the human nervous system. The other two didactic games were created to consolidate knowledge of the topic of the nervous system and knowledge of the topic of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory and muscular systems. The verification of the created didactic games took place at a regular primary school, which is located in a South Bohemian town with a population of 1 to 5 thousand. The verification in practise was performed using pretest, posttest I. and posttest II.
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Adaptace centrálního nervového systému na chybění acetylcholinesterázy
Farár, Vladimír ; Mysliveček, Jaromír (advisor) ; Jakubík, Jan (referee) ; Cordero-Erausquin, Matilde (referee)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effectively hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh). The inhibition of AChE is generally lethal and mice without AChE in all tissues (AChE KO) have severe impairments. In the brain, AChE is anchored in the plasma membrane by proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA), while in the muscles, AChE is anchored by collagen Q (ColQ) in the basal lamina. We report here that the PRiMA KO mice, in which AChE is essentially eliminated in the brain, show very little changes in behavior despite an excess of ACh in the brain and adaptation of ACh receptors comparable to those seen in AChE KO mice. Moreover, when AChE cannot interact with ColQ and PRiMA, the phenotype resembles that of AChE KO mice, but the biochemical changes in the brain are similar to those in PRiMA KO mice. PRiMA KO mice also differ from other AChE-deficit mice strains in their responses to AChE inhibitor. Our results suggest that AChE in the peripheral tissues is the major target of AChE inhibitors and AChE absence in the peripheral tissues is the leading cause of the phenotype of AChE KO mice.
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A case report of physiotherapeutic treatment for a patient diagnosed with a post-traumatic paresis of the peroneus nerve
Ruferová, Zdeňka ; Hassmannová, Kristina (advisor) ; Bidrmanová, Hana (referee)
Title: Case report of Physiotherapeutic Treatment for a Patient Diagnosed with a posttraumatic paresis of a peroneal nerve Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to summarize existing theoretical knowledge of peripheral paresis focused on the peroneal nerve paresis. Furthermore to deliver a case report of physiotherapeutic treatment for a patient diagnosed with a post traumatic paresis of the peroneal nerve Methodology: Methods: The thesis consists of two parts.The first, general part, contains theoretical findings about the pelvic polytrauma and peroneal paresis. It also contains the most important physiotherapeutic treatment approaches and methods used to diagnose and treat peripheral paresis. The second, practical part, describes the course of treatment focused on a patient with post-traumatic peroneal paresis during my internship.. Results: The most significant results were reflected in the improvement of the quality of analytical movements, movement stereotypes and the quality of walking. There was an increase in muscle strength, partial absorption of swelling and stretching of shortened muscle groups. Keywords: rehabilitation, n. peroneus, paresis, polytrauma of pelvis, nervous system
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Early embryonal development and morphogenesis of selected organ systems of the rediae and cercariae of Fascioloides magna.
Pankrác, Jan ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee)
Fascioloides magna (giant liver fluke) is a digenetic trematode with two-host life cycle and high veterinary importancy. Typical definitive host is a deer (Cervidae), but many other species from different families can be accidentally infected, for example sheep, goat or cattle. Very important role in the life cycle of F. magna has the first host - fresh water snail of the family Lymnaeidae. Three different life stages of F. magna, two of them with ability of reproduction - sporocysts and rediae develop in the body of snail. The third stage - cercaria is produced by rediae. Cercariae are able to escape from the snail, encyst and become infective for the definitive host. Since the second half of the 19th century many researchers studied the development of particular stages in the first intermediate host, but many characteristics of this process are still not fully understood. This thesis should reveal some of unanswered questions concerning to the reproduction and ontogenetic development of trematodes, which is presented on the examples of three organ systems - muscles, nerves and excretory system of rediae and cercariae of F. magna.
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Adaptace centrálního nervového systému na chybění acetylcholinesterázy
Farár, Vladimír ; Mysliveček, Jaromír (advisor) ; Jakubík, Jan (referee) ; Cordero-Erausquin, Matilde (referee)
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) effectively hydrolyzes acetylcholine (ACh). The inhibition of AChE is generally lethal and mice without AChE in all tissues (AChE KO) have severe impairments. In the brain, AChE is anchored in the plasma membrane by proline-rich membrane anchor (PRiMA), while in the muscles, AChE is anchored by collagen Q (ColQ) in the basal lamina. We report here that the PRiMA KO mice, in which AChE is essentially eliminated in the brain, show very little changes in behavior despite an excess of ACh in the brain and adaptation of ACh receptors comparable to those seen in AChE KO mice. Moreover, when AChE cannot interact with ColQ and PRiMA, the phenotype resembles that of AChE KO mice, but the biochemical changes in the brain are similar to those in PRiMA KO mice. PRiMA KO mice also differ from other AChE-deficit mice strains in their responses to AChE inhibitor. Our results suggest that AChE in the peripheral tissues is the major target of AChE inhibitors and AChE absence in the peripheral tissues is the leading cause of the phenotype of AChE KO mice.
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Chanová, Marta (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Artificial neural networks for learning robots
Sovka, Michal ; Jirků, Petr (advisor) ; Berka, Petr (referee)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to understand, describe and explain the basic principles and elements used in learning robots with using artificial neural networks. Firstly, I focus on robots in general and their basic functional units. Then it is to introduce the theory of learning applied to real environments. Nervous system in this work becomes a central learning muse about theory with using artificial neural networks. It's very important in understanding of artificial neurons and artificial neural networks as a complex I consider the biological neuron and its synapses. That's why I take them very seriously. After introduction to artificial neural networks I attend to only the one of their group fully used in robotics. Finally, I demonstrate the function of Kohonen type of artificial neural network used in robotics and scilicet in the application developed in one of a foreign university workplace.I hope the benefits of my work is in a comprehensive text focused on the basic elements of robotics, as well as artificial neural networks and their neurobiological assumption. The work can then be used in studying for people interested in a broader approach to intelligent robotics.
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